A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus; hence the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem (stipe), a cap (pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing. lamella) or pores on the underside of the cap.
Mushrooms are members of a huge group of organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds. Mushrooms - this whole kingdom, separate from plants, animals and bacteria. Fungi play an important role in the decomposition of organic matter, as well as in the food chain. In a world of distinction between 1.5 and 5 million species of fungi. Below you will find the most beautiful and interesting of them.
#1 Mlechnik blue (Lactarius indigo):
It is common type of fungus grows in the eastern part of North America, East Asia and Central America. It grows on the ground in both deciduous and coniferous forests. The color varies from dark blue in fresh mushrooms to a pale blue-gray of old. Milk, which highlights the fungus if it is cut or broken, too blue. Cap is 5-15 cm, leg - 2-8 cm in height and 1-2.5 cm in thickness. Edible mushroom and sold in rural markets in Mexico, Guatemala and China.
#2 Panellyus / Panellus stipticus:
A common view is growing in Asia, Australia, Europe and North America. It grows in groups on logs, stumps and trunks of deciduous trees, especially on oaks, beeches and birches. This is one of the bioluminescent mushroom species, although this species of fungi of the regions of the Pacific Ocean North America.
#3 Drozhalka orange (Tremella mesenterica):
This fungus usually grows on dead trees, but also to the newly fallen branches. Gelatinous orange-yellow body of the fungus (up to 7.5 cm in diameter) has a winding surface, which in the rain becomes sticky and slippery. The fungus grows in the cracks of the bark, appearing in the rain. After several days of rain it dries and turns into a thin film or wrinkled mass capable of newly regenerated after rain. This fungus is commonly found in mixed forests and distributed in temperate and tropical regions, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North and South America. Mushroom is edible, although it is considered tasteless. This fungus produces carbohydrates that have value for research.
#4 Rodotus (Rhodotus palmatus):
This fungus - the only member of the genus in the family Physalacriaceae. Not very common. The fungus collected in eastern North America, North Africa, Europe and Asia. In Europe, the number of fungi falling rapidly, so rodotusa brought in the Red book. Usually grows on decaying logs and stumps of trees hard. Mature mushrooms differ pinkish color and the characteristic "venoobraznoy" surface.
#5 Klavariya pale brown (Clavaria zollingeri):
Widespread species of fungi. He has a tube-shaped purple or pinkish-lavender body, growing to 10 inches tall and 7 inches wide. The tips of the fragile and thin branches usually rounded and brownish. This saprobity species of mushroom, it absorbs nutrients by breaking down organic matter. Usually grows on the ground.
#6 Zvezdovik sacciform (Geastrum saccatum):
It grows in North America and Europe on rotting trees. Mushroom pickers find it inedible due to its roller coaster of taste. Fairly common type, peak picking is at the end of the summer. It is believed that the hole on the outer layer of the body has a star-shaped mushroom picking due to calcium oxalate crystals in front of the opening. In Brazil, the fungus is called "Star of the earth".
#7 Polypore Scale (Polyporus squamosus):
Widespread species of fungus growing in North America, Australia, Asia and Europe. It causes white rot on the hardwood. Alternative name of the fungus - the seat of Dryads - refers to the Greek mythology and the Dryads, who supposedly could ride these mushrooms.
#8 Aseroe rubra:
The sea anemone and widely recognizable due to its unpleasant smell of rot and starfish-shaped. Growing in the gardens of the forest floor and in the grassy areas, like the red star, covered with brownish mucus, and has a white leg. Attracts flies.
#9 Coral mushroom (Clavulinopsis corallinorosacea):
The fungus is so called because of the similarity with sea corals. These mushrooms have a bright color, mostly orange, yellow or red. Usually they grow older lesah.odni coral saprotrophic fungi and other symbiotic or parasitic.
#10 Brown raincoat (Lycoperdon umbrinum):
This type of fungus is growing in China, Europe and North America. These mushrooms have an open cap with spores. Instead, the arguments appear inside the body of the ball. Ripening, spores form Hleb in the center of the body, which has a characteristic color and texture.
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